Alzheimer's Disease Related Research Tools
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, a complex neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the progressive impairment of cognitive functions, particularly memory, thinking, language, mood, and behavioral issues.
AD is biologically defined by the presence of β-amyloid (Abeta) -containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. Abeta plaques are formed by the aggregation of beta-amyloid peptides, which are fragments of a larger protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP).
Tau tangles, on the other hand, result from the abnormal phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein, which is normally involved in maintaining the stability of microtubules within neurons. In Alzheimer's disease, tau protein forms twisted filaments called neurofibrillary tangles.
The accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles initiates a cascade of events that contribute to the progressive neurodegeneration observed in AD. This includes the activation of immune cells (microglia), inflammation, impairment of synaptic connections, and disruption of various signaling pathways in the brain.
As the disease progresses, affected individuals experience a decline in cognitive abilities, memory loss, disorientation, language difficulties, and changes in behavior and personality.
Biological Processes and Targets Related to Alzheimer's Disease
Fig1. Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. (Dhapola, 2021)
| Biological processes | Targets |
| Amyloid-beta plaques formation | APP, Aβ, PSEN1, PSEN2, B2M, Gal-3, AICD, BACE1, RAGE, ADAM, ApoE4, NEP, IDE, GSK-3 |
| Neurofibrillary tangle formation | Tau, NF-kB, TNF-α, ILs, Cdc42, GSK-3β, CDK5, TPK-1, MARK, MAPK, AMPK, Dyrk1A, p53, PAC1R, ERK, CREB, CaMKII |
| Neuroinflammation | TNF-α, TREM2, CD33, NF-κB, CD36, Calhm2, NLRP2, APOE, PGE2, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TGF-β, SR-A, CR1, ABCA7, KMO, IFN-γ, P2X7R, TLR, CSF1R, miR-155, STAT3, CaSR, ABCA1, BACE1, Aqp4 |
| Oxidative stress | NRF2, NADPH, PGC1α, miRNA-485, SIRT-1, PPAR-α |
| Mitochondrial dysfunction | PGC1α |
| Cholinergic insufficiency | AChE, BuChE, NGF |
| Autophagy dysfunction | PKA, Drp-1, Parkin, mTOR, AMPK, LOX |
| Neurovascular dysfunction | GLUT1, LRP1, P-gp, RAGE, CypA-MMP9 |
| Synapse loss and alterations | NLRP3, RhoA, BDNF, PKCɛ, Jacob, NCAM, MAPK, ERK, NGF, ACSS2, CREB, NMDAR |
| Ferroptosis | NRF2, GPX4, GSS |
| Lipid dyshomeostasis | APOE, HMG-CoA, ACAT1 |
| Genetic risk factor | APOE4, APP, PSEN1, PSEN2 |
Creative Biolabs offers a wide range of cutting-edge research products geared toward the investigation of biological processes underlying Alzheimer's disease. Our products including antibodies, cell lines, proteins & peptides, and assay kits, are among the bio-reagents keenly sought by neuroscience researchers.
Reference
- Dhapola, R.; et al. Recent advances in molecular pathways and therapeutic implications targeting neuroinflammation for Alzheimer's disease. Inflammopharmacology. 2021, 29(6): 1669-1681.
Target
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O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Mouse Monoclonal Antibody
- Host Species:
- Mouse
- Species Reactivity:
- Rat; Human
- Applications:
- ICC; IF; IHC-Fr; ChIP; DB; WB; IP
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated
OGT / O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
- Host Species:
- Rabbit
- Species Reactivity:
- Mouse; Rat; Human
- Applications:
- WB; ICC; IF; FC; IHC-P
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated; APC; PE; HRP; Biotin; FITC; Alexa Fluor 488; Alexa Fluor 700; Alexa Fluor 647; Alexa Fluor 750; Alexa Fluor 594; Alexa Fluor 350; Alexa Fluor 2106
Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to OGT / O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase
- Host Species:
- Rabbit
- Species Reactivity:
- Mouse; Rat; Human
- Applications:
- WB
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P1683) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1683)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Alpha Synuclein BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4050) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4050)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-pTau Antibody(NRP-0422-P1719) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1719)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-ApoC3 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP3503) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP3503)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P2293) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P2293)
- NeuroMab™ Mouse Anti-LRP1 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP3363) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z6479)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-GARP Antibody(NRP-0422-P1639) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1639)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-TREM2 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4114) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4114)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-CD20 Antibody(NRP-0422-P1230) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1230)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-EPHB2 Antibody(NRP-0422-P1220) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1220)
- Mouse Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron Cell MN9D (Cat#: NCL2110P059)
- Human Glioblastoma Cell Line SF126 (Cat#: NCL-2108P35)
- Rat Retinal Muller Cell Line, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-21P6-192)
- Human Brain Astroblastoma U-87 MG (Cat#: NCL2110P117)
- Rat Muller Cell (Cat#: NCL2110P040)
- Mouse Microglia Cell Line BV-2, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL2110P153)
- iNeu™ Human Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons (Cat#: NCL-21P6-003)
- Human Retinal Epithelial Cell ARPE-19 (Cat#: NCL2110P069)
- iNeu™ Human Schwann Cell (Cat#: NCL-2103-P63)
- Mouse Hippocampal Neuron Cell HT22 (Cat#: NCL2110P001)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-fDIO-eNpHR 3.0-mCherry-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP78)
- Dextran, NHS Activated, 40 kDa (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP124)
- PRV-CAG-EGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP14)
- pAAV-EF1a-DIO-EGFP-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P285)
- AAV-EF1a-mCherry-flex-dtA (Cat#: NRZP-0622-ZP616)
- pAAV-hSyn-DIO-XCaMP-R-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P508)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8s-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P063)
- AAV-mDLX-CRE-tdTomato (Cat#: NRZP-0622-ZP721)
- AAV2/2Retro-CAG-DIO-EGFP-2A-TetTox-pA [Neural Tracing] (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP303)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8m-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P065)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- Lenti of Mouse synuclein, alpha (Snca) transcript variant (NM_001042451) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0864)
- App Rat amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (App)(NM_019288) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0053)
- Human huntingtin (HTT) (NM_002111) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0497)
- Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) (NM_000041) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0232)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- Mouse Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) (NM_020569) clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0133)
- Mouse SOD1 shRNA Silencing Adenovirus (Cat#: NV-2106-P14)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- Tau Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-MAPTRx) (Cat#: NV-2106-P29)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP500)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP502)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-Erythropoietin BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP499)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP510)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-EPO BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP508)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-SGSH BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP505)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-ASA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP504)
