Alzheimer's Disease Related Research Tools
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, a complex neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the progressive impairment of cognitive functions, particularly memory, thinking, language, mood, and behavioral issues.
AD is biologically defined by the presence of β-amyloid (Abeta) -containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. Abeta plaques are formed by the aggregation of beta-amyloid peptides, which are fragments of a larger protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP).
Tau tangles, on the other hand, result from the abnormal phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein, which is normally involved in maintaining the stability of microtubules within neurons. In Alzheimer's disease, tau protein forms twisted filaments called neurofibrillary tangles.
The accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles initiates a cascade of events that contribute to the progressive neurodegeneration observed in AD. This includes the activation of immune cells (microglia), inflammation, impairment of synaptic connections, and disruption of various signaling pathways in the brain.
As the disease progresses, affected individuals experience a decline in cognitive abilities, memory loss, disorientation, language difficulties, and changes in behavior and personality.
Biological Processes and Targets Related to Alzheimer's Disease
Fig1. Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. (Dhapola, 2021)
Biological processes | Targets |
Amyloid-beta plaques formation | APP, Aβ, PSEN1, PSEN2, B2M, Gal-3, AICD, BACE1, RAGE, ADAM, ApoE4, NEP, IDE, GSK-3 |
Neurofibrillary tangle formation | Tau, NF-kB, TNF-α, ILs, Cdc42, GSK-3β, CDK5, TPK-1, MARK, MAPK, AMPK, Dyrk1A, p53, PAC1R, ERK, CREB, CaMKII |
Neuroinflammation | TNF-α, TREM2, CD33, NF-κB, CD36, Calhm2, NLRP2, APOE, PGE2, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TGF-β, SR-A, CR1, ABCA7, KMO, IFN-γ, P2X7R, TLR, CSF1R, miR-155, STAT3, CaSR, ABCA1, BACE1, Aqp4 |
Oxidative stress | NRF2, NADPH, PGC1α, miRNA-485, SIRT-1, PPAR-α |
Mitochondrial dysfunction | PGC1α |
Cholinergic insufficiency | AChE, BuChE, NGF |
Autophagy dysfunction | PKA, Drp-1, Parkin, mTOR, AMPK, LOX |
Neurovascular dysfunction | GLUT1, LRP1, P-gp, RAGE, CypA-MMP9 |
Synapse loss and alterations | NLRP3, RhoA, BDNF, PKCɛ, Jacob, NCAM, MAPK, ERK, NGF, ACSS2, CREB, NMDAR |
Ferroptosis | NRF2, GPX4, GSS |
Lipid dyshomeostasis | APOE, HMG-CoA, ACAT1 |
Genetic risk factor | APOE4, APP, PSEN1, PSEN2 |
Creative Biolabs offers a wide range of cutting-edge research products geared toward the investigation of biological processes underlying Alzheimer's disease. Our products including antibodies, cell lines, proteins & peptides, and assay kits, are among the bio-reagents keenly sought by neuroscience researchers.
Reference
- Dhapola, R.; et al. Recent advances in molecular pathways and therapeutic implications targeting neuroinflammation for Alzheimer's disease. Inflammopharmacology. 2021, 29(6): 1669-1681.
Target
- Host Species:
- Mouse
- Species Reactivity:
- Mouse; Rat; Human
- Applications:
- WB; IP; IF; IHC-P; ELISA
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated; APC; PE; HRP; Biotin; FITC; Alexa Fluor 488; Alexa Fluor 700; Alexa Fluor 647; Alexa Fluor 750; Alexa Fluor 594; Alexa Fluor 350; Alexa Fluor 2788
- NeuroMab™ Anti-TNFα BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4105) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4105)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P1760) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1760)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-EPHB2 Antibody(NRP-0422-P1220) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1220)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Alpha Synuclein Antibody(NRP-0422-P614) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P614)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Alpha Synuclein BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4050) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4050)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-TREM2 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4114) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4114)
- Mouse Anti-Human α-Synuclein Phospho (Tyr39) (CBP3706) (Cat#: NAB201250LS)
- NeuroMab™ Rabbit Anti-Alpha-synuclein (CBP1631) (Cat#: NAB-08-PZ079)
- NeuroMab™ Mouse Anti-LRP1 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP3363) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z6479)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-GD2 Antibody(NRZP-1222-ZP767) (Cat#: NRZP-1222-ZP767)
- Human Brain Astroblastoma U-87 MG (Cat#: NCL2110P117)
- Mouse Glioma Cell Line GL-261-Luc (Cat#: NCL-2108P06)
- Rat Muller Cell (Cat#: NCL2110P040)
- Human Glial (Oligodendrocytic) Hybrid Cell Line (MO3.13) (Cat#: NCL-2108P34)
- Human Astrocytes, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-2105-P182-AM)
- iNeu™ Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (RPE) (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP92)
- Human Blood Brain Barrier Model (Cat#: NCL-2103-P187)
- Green Fluorescent Tau SH-SY5Y cell Line (Cat#: NCL2110P219)
- Human Astrocytes (Cat#: NCC20-9PZ01)
- Rat Glioma Cell Line C6 (Cat#: NCL2110P346)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- pAAV-hSyn-DIO-XCaMP-R-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P508)
- Dextran-CYanine5.5 (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP118)
- Dextran, Cy5 Labeled, 2000 kDa (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP22)
- AAV2 Full Capsids, Reference Standards (Cat#: NTC2101070CR)
- AAV2/2Retro-CAG-DIO-EGFP-2A-TetTox-pA [Neural Tracing] (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP303)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-DIO-mCherry-P2A-TetTox-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP268)
- PRV-CAG-EGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP14)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8f-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P061)
- rAAV-E-SARE-Cre-ERT2-PEST-WPRE-hGH polyA (Cat#: NTA-2010-TT342)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8f-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P064)
- Human superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) (NM_000454) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0748)
- Human presenilin 1 (PSEN1), transcript variant 2 (NM_007318) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0140)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- Human huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) transcript variant 2 (NM_177977) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0676)
- Lenti of Mouse synuclein, alpha (Snca) transcript variant (NM_001042451) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0864)
- Mouse Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) (NM_020569) clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0133)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) (NM_000041) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0232)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- Tau Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-MAPTRx) (Cat#: NV-2106-P29)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDS BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP503)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-Erythropoietin BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP499)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-SGSH BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP505)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP501)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP510)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP502)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP500)