Alzheimer's Disease Related Research Tools
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, a complex neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the progressive impairment of cognitive functions, particularly memory, thinking, language, mood, and behavioral issues.
AD is biologically defined by the presence of β-amyloid (Abeta) -containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. Abeta plaques are formed by the aggregation of beta-amyloid peptides, which are fragments of a larger protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP).
Tau tangles, on the other hand, result from the abnormal phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein, which is normally involved in maintaining the stability of microtubules within neurons. In Alzheimer's disease, tau protein forms twisted filaments called neurofibrillary tangles.
The accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles initiates a cascade of events that contribute to the progressive neurodegeneration observed in AD. This includes the activation of immune cells (microglia), inflammation, impairment of synaptic connections, and disruption of various signaling pathways in the brain.
As the disease progresses, affected individuals experience a decline in cognitive abilities, memory loss, disorientation, language difficulties, and changes in behavior and personality.
Biological Processes and Targets Related to Alzheimer's Disease
Fig1. Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. (Dhapola, 2021)
| Biological processes | Targets |
| Amyloid-beta plaques formation | APP, Aβ, PSEN1, PSEN2, B2M, Gal-3, AICD, BACE1, RAGE, ADAM, ApoE4, NEP, IDE, GSK-3 |
| Neurofibrillary tangle formation | Tau, NF-kB, TNF-α, ILs, Cdc42, GSK-3β, CDK5, TPK-1, MARK, MAPK, AMPK, Dyrk1A, p53, PAC1R, ERK, CREB, CaMKII |
| Neuroinflammation | TNF-α, TREM2, CD33, NF-κB, CD36, Calhm2, NLRP2, APOE, PGE2, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TGF-β, SR-A, CR1, ABCA7, KMO, IFN-γ, P2X7R, TLR, CSF1R, miR-155, STAT3, CaSR, ABCA1, BACE1, Aqp4 |
| Oxidative stress | NRF2, NADPH, PGC1α, miRNA-485, SIRT-1, PPAR-α |
| Mitochondrial dysfunction | PGC1α |
| Cholinergic insufficiency | AChE, BuChE, NGF |
| Autophagy dysfunction | PKA, Drp-1, Parkin, mTOR, AMPK, LOX |
| Neurovascular dysfunction | GLUT1, LRP1, P-gp, RAGE, CypA-MMP9 |
| Synapse loss and alterations | NLRP3, RhoA, BDNF, PKCɛ, Jacob, NCAM, MAPK, ERK, NGF, ACSS2, CREB, NMDAR |
| Ferroptosis | NRF2, GPX4, GSS |
| Lipid dyshomeostasis | APOE, HMG-CoA, ACAT1 |
| Genetic risk factor | APOE4, APP, PSEN1, PSEN2 |
Creative Biolabs offers a wide range of cutting-edge research products geared toward the investigation of biological processes underlying Alzheimer's disease. Our products including antibodies, cell lines, proteins & peptides, and assay kits, are among the bio-reagents keenly sought by neuroscience researchers.
Reference
- Dhapola, R.; et al. Recent advances in molecular pathways and therapeutic implications targeting neuroinflammation for Alzheimer's disease. Inflammopharmacology. 2021, 29(6): 1669-1681.
Target
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Ubiquitin Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
- Host Species:
- Rabbit
- Species Reactivity:
- Mouse; Rat; Human
- Applications:
- ICC; IF; WB; FC
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated
Mouse Monoclonal to Ubiquitin
- Host Species:
- Mouse
- Species Reactivity:
- Bovine; Human; Mouse; Rat
- Applications:
- WB; ICC; IF; ELISA
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated; APC; PE; HRP; Biotin; FITC
Rabbit Monoclonal to Ubiquitin
- Host Species:
- Rabbit
- Species Reactivity:
- Wide Species
- Applications:
- WB; ELISA
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated
Mouse Monoclonal to Ubiquitin
- Host Species:
- Mouse
- Species Reactivity:
- Wide Species
- Applications:
- WB; ELISA
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated
Mouse Monoclonal to Ubiquitin
- Host Species:
- Mouse
- Species Reactivity:
- Wide Species
- Applications:
- WB; IHC; ICC; IF; ELISA
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated; APC; PE; HRP; Biotin; FITC
Rabbit Monoclonal to Ubiquitin
- Host Species:
- Rabbit
- Species Reactivity:
- Wide Species
- Applications:
- WB; ELISA
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated; APC; PE; HRP; Biotin; FITC
Mouse Monoclonal to Ubiquitin
- Host Species:
- Mouse
- Species Reactivity:
- Human; Wide Species
- Applications:
- WB; IF
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated
Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Ubiquitin
- Host Species:
- Rabbit
- Species Reactivity:
- Mouse; Rat; Human
- Applications:
- ICC; IF; IHC-P; FC; WB
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated
Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Ubiquitin
- Host Species:
- Rabbit
- Species Reactivity:
- Mouse; Rat; Human
- Applications:
- IHC-P; WB
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated; APC; PE; HRP; Biotin; FITC
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P2293) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P2293)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-SEZ6 Antibody(NRP-0422-P515) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P515)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P1686) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1686)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-SEZ6 Antibody(NRP-0422-P517) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P517)
- iNeuMab™ Mouse Anti-LRP1 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP3363) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z6479)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Alpha Synuclein Antibody(NRP-0422-P614) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P614)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Alpha Synuclein BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4050) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4050)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P1760) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1760)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-GARP Antibody(NRP-0422-P1639) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1639)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-TREM2 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4114) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4114)
- Human Brain Vascular Adventitial Fibroblasts (Cat#: NCL-21P6-014)
- iNeu™ Human Sensory Neurons (Cat#: NCL-2103-P62)
- Rat Schwann Cells RSC96, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-2108P21)
- Mouse Microglia Cell Line BV-2, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL2110P153)
- Green Fluorescent Tau SH-SY5Y cell Line (Cat#: NCL2110P219)
- Rat Immortalized Retinal Muller Cell Line rMC-1 (Cat#: NCL-2106-S93)
- Human Retinal Epithelial Cell ARPE-19 (Cat#: NCL2110P069)
- Rat Muller Cell (Cat#: NCL2110P040)
- Rat Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP162)
- Human Astrocytes (Cat#: NCC20-9PZ01)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Dextran, NHS Activated, 40 kDa (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP124)
- AAV2 Full Capsids, Reference Standards (Cat#: NTC2101070CR)
- Dextran, Cy5 Labeled, 2000 kDa (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP22)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8f-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P064)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-fDIO-eNpHR 3.0-mCherry-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP78)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8s-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P066)
- pAAV-hSyn-DIO-XCaMP-R-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P508)
- rAAV-E-SARE-Cre-ERT2-PEST-WPRE-hGH polyA (Cat#: NTA-2010-TT342)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8s-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P063)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8m-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P062)
- Human superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) (NM_000454) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0748)
- Human huntingtin (HTT) (NM_002111) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0497)
- Human huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) transcript variant 2 (NM_177977) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0676)
- Lenti of Mouse synuclein, alpha (Snca) transcript variant (NM_001042451) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0864)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- Mouse Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) (NM_020569) clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0133)
- Tau Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-MAPTRx) (Cat#: NV-2106-P29)
- ABCA1 Antisense Oligonucleotide (NV-2106-P27) (Cat#: NV-2106-P27)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- Human presenilin 1 (PSEN1), transcript variant 2 (NM_007318) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0140)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-SGSH BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP505)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-PON1 BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP507)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP500)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-Erythropoietin BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP499)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP510)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP501)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-ASA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP504)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)
