Meningitis Related Research Tools
Meningitis is a disease resulting from the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. Injuries, cancer, or certain drugs can also cause meningitis. In almost all cases, meningitis is identified by an abnormal number of white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid and specific clinical signs/symptoms. Onset may be acute or chronic, and clinical symptoms of the acute disease develop over hours to days. It is important to know the specific cause of meningitis because the treatment differs depending on the causes.
- Bacterial meningitis is very serious and can be deadly. Death can occur in as short as a few hours. Most people can recover from bacterial meningitis. However, permanent disabilities such as brain damage, hearing loss, and learning disabilities can result from the infection.
- Viral meningitis, the most common type of meningitis, is often less severe than bacterial meningitis. Most people get better on their own without any treatment.
- Fungal meningitis is relatively rare. It can develop after a fungus spreads in the body to the brain or spinal cord.
- Various parasites can also cause meningitis or affect the brain or nervous system in other ways. Parasitic meningitis is much less common than viral and bacterial meningitis.
Recent studies have identified several determinants for bacterial translocation of the blood-brain barrier using several host inflammatory markers associated with neuronal injury in animal models of induced bacterial meningitis. These markers provide important targets for the research of bacterial meningitis, including but not limited to the following: cytokines such as IL-1β and TNFα, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), TNF-αconverting enzyme (TACE), excitatory amino acids, peroxynitrite, arachidonic acid metabolites, proinflammatory neuropeptides, caspases, bacterial opacity (Opa) proteins, bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs), bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), etc.
Fig.1 Summary of novel therapeutic targets in bacterial meningitis. (Iovino, 2019)
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Summary of Popular Targets in Meningitis
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) | Interleukin-10 (IL-10) | Interleukin-34 (IL-34) | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) |
Matrix metalloproteases 9 (MMP-9) | Macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) | Macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-1α) | Palmitoylethanomide (PEA) |
Opacity (Opa) protein | Outer membrane protein (OMP) | Antimicrobials | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) |
TNF-α converting enzyme | Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) | Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) |
Reference
- Iovino, F.; et al. The role of microglia in bacterial meningitis: inflammatory response, experimental models and new neuroprotective therapeutic strategies. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2019, 10: 576.
Target
Anti-BK channel BETA3 Monoclonal Antibody
- Host Species:
- Mouse
- Species Reactivity:
- Mouse
- Applications:
- IF; WB; IHC; IP
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated; APC; PE; HRP; Biotin; FITC; Alexa Fluor 488; Alexa Fluor 700; Alexa Fluor 647; Alexa Fluor 750; Alexa Fluor 594; Alexa Fluor 350; Alexa Fluor 3330
- NeuroMab™ Anti-TREM2 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4114) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4114)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Alpha Synuclein BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4050) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4050)
- NeuroMab™ Mouse Anti-LRP1 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP3363) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z6479)
- NeuroMab™ Mouse Anti-SHANK3 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP929) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z3477)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Integrin αvβ8 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1222-ZP1218) (Cat#: NRZP-1222-ZP1218)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-FGFR1 Antibody(NRP-0422-P1244) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1244)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-TREM2 Antibody(NRP-0422-P792) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P792)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-CD32b Antibody(NRP-0422-P1803) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1803)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P2293) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P2293)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-SEZ6 Antibody(NRP-0422-P517) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P517)
- Human Brain Vascular Pericytes (Cat#: NCL-21P6-015)
- iNeu™ Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (RPE) (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP92)
- iNeu™ Human Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons (Cat#: NCL-21P6-003)
- Rat Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP162)
- Mouse Glioma Cell Line GL261 (Cat#: NCL-2108P28)
- Human Hippocampal Neuron Cells HPPNCs (Cat#: NCL2110P106)
- Human Neurons Isolated from Cortex (Cat#: NCL-21P6-023)
- Rat Immortalized Retinal Muller Cell Line rMC-1 (Cat#: NCL-2106-S93)
- Human Astrocytes (Cat#: NCC20-9PZ01)
- C57 Brain Cortex Neurons [Mouse] (Cat#: NCC20-9PZ48)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- rAAV-CAG-DIO-G-Flamp1 (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP719)
- AAV2/2Retro-CAG-DIO-EGFP-2A-TetTox-pA [Neural Tracing] (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP303)
- Dextran, Cy5 Labeled, 2000 kDa (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP22)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8m-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P065)
- pAAV-EF1a-DIO-EGFP-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P285)
- pAAV-hSyn-DIO-XCaMP-R-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P508)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-DIO-mCherry-P2A-TetTox-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP268)
- VSV-eGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP20)
- PRV-CAG-EGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP14)
- AAV2 Full Capsids, Reference Standards (Cat#: NTC2101070CR)
- App Rat amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (App)(NM_019288) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0053)
- Tau Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-MAPTRx) (Cat#: NV-2106-P29)
- Mouse Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) (NM_020569) clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0133)
- ABCA1 Antisense Oligonucleotide (NV-2106-P27) (Cat#: NV-2106-P27)
- Human huntingtin (HTT) (NM_002111) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0497)
- Human presenilin 1 (PSEN1), transcript variant 2 (NM_007318) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0140)
- Human superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) (NM_000454) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0748)
- Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) (NM_000041) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0232)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP501)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP502)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-ASA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP504)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP510)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP498)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-SGSH BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP505)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP500)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)