Muscular Dystrophy Related Research Tools
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is an inherited genetic condition that gradually causes the weakening of muscles. The MDs are caused by mutations in a large number of genes with different functions, encoding proteins of the contractile apparatus, structural proteins, enzymes or nuclear proteins. The most commonly encountered forms of the diseases in adults are myotonic dystrophy (MD), facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and the large group of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). The most common childhood form is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
Fig.1 Overview of inflammatory mechanism in DMD muscles and related potential drugs. (Miyatake, 2016)
The genomic mutations in MDs exert their pathogenicity at the level of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). Therefore, the primary molecular targets in MDs are the affected genes and/or their respective downstream targets. Currently, most of the therapeutic strategies are focused on the mutated gene products or their downstream targets. Evidence has shown that the structural linkage between the muscle extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton is crucial in preventing the progression of MD. The primary mutations of enzymes involved in the protein glycosylation pathways have shown to disrupt the matrix-cell interaction in a certain group of MDs.
Fig.2 Illustration of proteins and potential targets involved in MDs. (Kinter, 2014)
In the past several years, viral and non-viral gene therapy methodologies based on adeno-associated viruses, naked plasmid delivery, antisense oligonucleotides, and oligonucleotide-mediated gene editing have moved from the laboratories to the clinical studies. Creative Biolabs offers comprehensive products as well as high-quality customized services for our clients. We have some of the best products and packages to aid your MDs research.
Summary of the Popular Objects in Muscular Dystrophy
Calpain protease inhibitor | Collagen VI | Creatine |
Dystrophin | Follistatin | Fukutin |
Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) | IGF1 | Integrin α7β1 |
ISS-N1 | Laminin-2 | LARGE |
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) | NFκB | NOX |
P2RX7 purinoceptor | POMT1 | POMT2 |
ROS | ROX | RyR1 |
TNFR | TNFα | TRPV2 |
β-Sarcoglycan | Corticosteroids prednisone | Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) |
References
- Miyatake, S.; et al. Anti-inflammatory drugs for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: focus on skeletal muscle-releasing factors. Drug design, development and therapy. 2016, 10: 2745.
- Kinter, J.; Sinnreich, M. Molecular targets to treat muscular dystrophies. Swiss medical weekly. 2014, 144(0708).
Target
Mouse monoclonal to GAD1
- Host Species:
- Mouse
- Species Reactivity:
- Human; Monkey; Mouse; Rat
- Applications:
- IF; IHC; IP; WB
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated; APC; PE; HRP; Biotin; FITC; Alexa Fluor 488; Alexa Fluor 700; Alexa Fluor 647; Alexa Fluor 750; Alexa Fluor 594; Alexa Fluor 350; Alexa Fluor 3207
- NeuroMab™ Anti-ApoC3 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP3505) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP3505)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Amyloid Beta 1-15 Antibody(NRP-0422-P867) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P867)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-SEZ6 Antibody(NRP-0422-P515) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P515)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-TREM2 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4114) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4114)
- Mouse Anti-SCN5A Monoclonal Antibody (CBP708) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z2720)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-CD20 Antibody(NRP-0422-P1230) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1230)
- NeuroMab™ Rabbit Anti-Alpha-synuclein (CBP1631) (Cat#: NAB-08-PZ079)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-GARP Antibody(NRP-0422-P1639) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1639)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-CD32b Antibody(NRP-0422-P1803) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1803)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-ApoC3 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP3503) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP3503)
- Human Hippocampal Neuron Cells HPPNCs (Cat#: NCL2110P106)
- Mouse Hippocampal Neuron Cell HT22 (Cat#: NCL2110P001)
- iNeu™ Human Schwann Cell (Cat#: NCL-2103-P63)
- Human Neurons Isolated from Cortex (Cat#: NCL-21P6-023)
- Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells (Cat#: NCL2110P145)
- iNeu™ Microglia (Cat#: NCL-7P018)
- iNeu™ Human Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons (Cat#: NCL-21P6-003)
- Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cell Line RGC-5 (Cat#: NCL2110P154)
- Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP113)
- Human Brain Vascular Adventitial Fibroblasts (Cat#: NCL-21P6-014)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Dextran, NHS Activated, 40 kDa (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP124)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8f-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P061)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8m-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P062)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8s-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P063)
- PRV-CAG-EGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP14)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8f-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P064)
- rAAV-CAG-DIO-G-Flamp1 (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP719)
- Dextran, Cy5 Labeled, 2000 kDa (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP22)
- pAAV-hSyn-DIO-XCaMP-R-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P508)
- AAV2/9-hSyn-Flpo-EGFP-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP149)
- Human presenilin 1 (PSEN1), transcript variant 2 (NM_007318) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0140)
- Human superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) (NM_000454) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0748)
- Mouse Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) (NM_020569) clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0133)
- Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) (NM_000041) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0232)
- Lenti of Mouse synuclein, alpha (Snca) transcript variant (NM_001042451) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0864)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- ABCA1 Antisense Oligonucleotide (NV-2106-P27) (Cat#: NV-2106-P27)
- Human huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) transcript variant 2 (NM_177977) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0676)
- App Rat amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (App)(NM_019288) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0053)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP500)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP502)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-SGSH BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP505)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-EPO BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP508)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDS BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP503)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP501)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-PON1 BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP507)