Parkinson's Disease Related Antibodies

The four most important motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative disease, are tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. As the disease progresses, non-motor symptoms like cognitive impairment, aberrant behavior, and sleep difficulties could appear. The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, a reduction in striatal dopamine, and the development of Lewy bodies—abnormal protein clumps within neurons—are pathological features of PD.

Key Factors

After years of learning, scientists have made considerable progress toward understanding the pathophysiology of PD, however the disease's cause is still unknown. Monogenic PD is shown to be caused by mutations in several genes, and new loci linked to sporadic disease have been revealed using GWAS. Mutations in six genes (SNCA, LRRK2, PRKN, DJ1, PINK1, and ATP13A2) have been associated with PD. Loss-of-function mutations in GBA and polymorphisms in three genes—MAPT, LRRK2, and SNCA—are additional risk factors. In addition to genetics, protein aggregation and misfolding, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are all linked to the causes of PD. Environmental factors, such as mitochondrial toxicants, heavy metals that can cause oxidative stress and neurotransmission impairment, air pollution, or traumatic brain injury, are major risk factors for PD.

Fig.1 Intracellular α-synuclein homeostasis is sustained by the lysosomal autophagy and ubiquitin–proteasome pathways¹.

Important Targets Related to PD

Antibodies have excellent specificity and affinity, making them valuable tools for researchers exploring the pathophysiology of PD. Creative Biolabs provides a wide range of application-proven antibodies for researching proteins related to Parkinson's disease.

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Reference

1. Dong-Chen, Xu, et al. "Signaling pathways in Parkinson’s disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions." Signal transduction and targeted therapy 8.1 (2023): 73.