- NeuroMab™ Anti-CD32b Antibody, Clone NR130P (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1803)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody,Clone NR1808P (Cat#: NRP-0422-P2293)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Alpha Synuclein BBB Shuttle Antibody,Clone NR1707P (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4050)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-GARP Antibody,Clone NR3348P (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1639)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-ApoC3 BBB Shuttle Antibody,Clone NR1738P (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP3503)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody,Clone NR2944P (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1684)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-TREM2 Antibody, Clone NR65P (Cat#: NRP-0422-P792)
- Mouse Anti-SCN5A Monoclonal Antibody (CBP708) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z2720)
- Tau Monoclonal Antibody (AT120, HT7 and BT2 clone) (Cat#: NK-2106-P008)
- NeuroMab™ Mouse Anti-EFNB2 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP1159) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z4396)
- Human Hippocampal Neuron Cells HPPNCs (Cat#: NCL2110P106)
- Human Blood Brain Barrier Model (Cat#: NCL-2103-P187)
- Rat Microglia Cell Line HAPI, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL2110P015)
- Human Retinal Epithelial Cell ARPE-19 (Cat#: NCL2110P069)
- Green Fluorescent Alpha-synuclein SH-SY5Y Cell Line (Cat#: NCL2110P209)
- Rat Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP162)
- Rat Glioma Cell Line C6 (Cat#: NCL2110P346)
- Mouse Microglia Cell Line BV-2, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL2110P153)
- Rat Retinal Muller Cell Line, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-21P6-192)
- Rat Schwann Cells RSC96, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-2108P21)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit, TTF Assay (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-DIO-mCherry-P2A-TetTox-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP268)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-fDIO-eNpHR 3.0-mCherry-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP78)
- VSV-eGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP20)
- Dextran, Cy5 Labeled, 2000 kDa (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP22)
- pAAV-EF1a-DIO-EGFP-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P285)
- Dextran-CYanine5.5 (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP118)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8m-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P065)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8f-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P064)
- AAV-EF1a-mCherry-flex-dtA (Cat#: NRZP-0622-ZP616)
- pAAV-hSyn-DIO-XCaMP-R-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P508)
- Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) (NM_000041) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0232)
- Human presenilin 1 (PSEN1), transcript variant 2 (NM_007318) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0140)
- App Rat amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (App)(NM_019288) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0053)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- Human superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) (NM_000454) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0748)
- Tau Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-MAPTRx) (Cat#: NV-2106-P29)
- Mouse Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) (NM_020569) clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0133)
- Mouse SOD1 shRNA Silencing Adenovirus (Cat#: NV-2106-P14)
- Human huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) transcript variant 2 (NM_177977) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0676)
- Lenti of Mouse synuclein, alpha (Snca) transcript variant (NM_001042451) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0864)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein, 8D3-IL-1RA (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-EPO BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-EPO (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP508)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-GDNF (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein, cTfRMAb-GDNF (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP500)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-IDUA (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP502)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDS BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-IDS (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP503)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-NAGLU (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-SGSH BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-SGSH (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP505)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-PON1 BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-PON1 (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP507)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-Erythropoietin BBB Shuttle Protein, cTfRMAb-EPO (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP499)
Microglial PD-1 Stimulation by Astrocytic PD-L1 Suppresses Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology
Chronic neuroinflammation is a pathogenic component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that may limit the ability of the brain to clear amyloid deposits and cellular debris. Tight control of the immune system is therefore key to sustain the ability of the brain to repair itself during homeostasis and disease. The immune-cell checkpoint receptor/ligand pair PD-1/PD-L1, known for their inhibitory immune function, is expressed also in the brain. Here, we report upregulated expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in astrocytes and microglia, respectively, surrounding amyloid plaques in AD patients and in the APP/PS1 AD mouse model. We observed juxtamembrane shedding of PD-L1 from astrocytes, which may mediate ectodomain signaling to PD-1-expressing microglia. Deletion of microglial PD-1 evoked an inflammatory response and compromised amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) uptake. APP/PS1 mice deficient for PD-1 exhibited increased deposition of Aβ, reduced microglial Aβ uptake, and decreased expression of the Aβ receptor CD36 on microglia. Therefore, ineffective immune regulation by the PD-1/PD-L1 axis contributes to Aβ plaque deposition during chronic neuroinflammation in AD.
Reference
Kummer, M. P., Ising, C., Kummer, C., Sarlus, H., Griep, A., Vieira‐Saecker, A., ... & Heneka, M. T. (2021). Microglial PD‐1 stimulation by astrocytic PD‐L1 suppresses neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease pathology. The EMBO journal, 40(24), e108662.