Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Model based In Vitro Assay Services

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable disease characterized by increasing cognitive deficits. The pathology of this disease is linked to the development of amyloid plaques, which consist primarily of β-Amyloid oligomers improperly cleaved by γ-Secretase. With an aging population, AD is an increasingly pressing issue as it is the most common form of dementia. We at Creative Biolabs have created a number of cutting-edge in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models and platforms for use in AD research in order to aid researchers in their attempts to elucidate the mechanisms behind the disease and to find viable treatments.

Available Models Available Assays

Available In Vitro Models

In vitro models of AD provide a lightning-fast and direct way for revealing pathogenic alterations in AD and studying neuronal cell responses to therapies at the molecular and cellular level. Creative Biolabs' in vitro AD models have undergone considerable validation.

Fig. 1 BBB microvascular network was co-cultured with neurospheres. Fig.1 BBB microvascular network was co-cultured with neurospheres. A) A fluorescence picture of the BBB network (red) following perfusion with 40 kDa fluorescently labeled dextran (blue). B) Spatially localized 3D6-positive Aβ deposition (Cy5) in the BBB (GFP) microvascular network after 7 days of coculture with ReN-Ctrl and ReN-AD neurospheres.¹

Cellular models applied to AD in vitro model

Cell models	Details
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)	Because AD patient-derived iPSCs maintain their proliferative ability while retaining genetic and epigenetic information from their donors, they are widely used as models for AD research. These properties allow for researchers to investigate several different cell types with the same genetic background, or to conduct experiments which require large amounts of material.
In vitro co-culture models	Primary cell culture is the gold standard in neuroscience research, historically serving as a key platform for both basic research and drug discovery. At Creative Biolabs we specialize in primary culture and can fit our experimental setup to the needs of any project. For a description of available animal models, culture types, and downstream experiments, please visit our primary cell culture page.
Cell Line	Neuro-2A: This cell line is derived from mouse neuroblastoma and produces a large amount of tubulin and participates in neural regulation. These properties make N2A cells ideal for early mechanistic investigations and high throughput compound screenings. SH-SY5Y: Like the Neuro-2A cells, these cells can be differentiated into a variety of neuronal subtypes and are similarly fit for early mechanistic investigations and high throughput compound screenings. Cell engineering and customization: We also offer services for generating new models tailored to your unique research goals.
BBB model	Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell, Brain Capillary Endothelial Cell, Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell and Human Cerebromicrovascular Endothelial Cells are crucial components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Degradation of the BBB has a strong correlation with AD, making the BBB an area of interest for AD research.
Organotypic cultures	Brain slice cultures retain the complex cellular and spatial makeup of the brain, making them the closest in vitro model to in vivo conditions. As a result, experiments using these cultures can provide data similar to in vivo experiments while avoiding the extended timelines typical of in vivo experimentation.

Methods applied to AD model in vitro

Methods	Details
3D culture	3D culture allows for cell-to-cell interactions, notably between neurons and glia, and so more accurately represents the brain's internal milieu, which is complex and interdependent. Neurosphere arrays, hydrogels, and microfluidics are among the most commonly used approaches.
Genetic modification	Mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) contribute to early-onset familial AD in an autosomal dominant pattern. By enhancing the production of toxic Aβ oligomers, they genes can accelerate the formation of extracellular amyloid deposits. At Creative Biolabs we have the capability to generate disease models such as the one above both in cellular and animal models. These methods can precisely regulate AD-related gene targets and aid in the exploration of the underlying mechanisms of AD.

Methods

Details

3D culture

3D culture allows for cell-to-cell interactions, notably between neurons and glia, and so more accurately represents the brain's internal milieu, which is complex and interdependent. Neurosphere arrays, hydrogels, and microfluidics are among the most commonly used approaches.

Genetic modification

Mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) contribute to early-onset familial AD in an autosomal dominant pattern. By enhancing the production of toxic Aβ oligomers, they genes can accelerate the formation of extracellular amyloid deposits. At Creative Biolabs we have the capability to generate disease models such as the one above both in cellular and animal models. These methods can precisely regulate AD-related gene targets and aid in the exploration of the underlying mechanisms of AD.

Available AD In Vitro Services

Following model selection, we offer a variety of downstream experiments for data generation. Below is a limited list of our services most relevant to AD pathology. If you are looking for a particular experiment not listed below, please feel free to reach out to us so that we can best accommodate you.

Amyloid-beta (Amyloidβ, Aβ)

Amyloid-beta Peptide Oligomerization Assay	Toxic Amyloid-beta Peptide 1-42 Exposure Assay
Amyloid-beta Induced Toxicity Assay	Amyloid-beta Aggregates Determination Assay
Amyloid-beta 42 Inhibitor Screening Assay	Amyloid-beta induced Phagocytosis and inflammation Assay
APP Processing Assay

Tau

Tau Phosphorylation Assay	Tau Hyperphosporylation Assay
Tau Aggregation Assay	Tau Uptake and Seeding Assay
Tau Clearance Assay	Tau Degradation Assay

Reference

Ko, Eunkyung Clare, et al. "Accelerating the in vitro emulation of Alzheimer's disease-associated phenotypes using a novel 3D blood-brain barrier neurosphere co-culture model." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 11 (2023). Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.

For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.

Related Section

Amyloid-beta Peptide Oligomerization Assay

Toxic Amyloid-beta Peptide 1-42 Exposure Assay

Amyloid-beta Induced Toxicity Assay

Amyloid-beta Aggregate Determination Assay

Tau Phosphorylation Assay

Tau Hyperphosphorylation Assay

Tau Aggregation Assay

Tau Uptake & Seeding Assay

Tau Clearance Assay

APP Processing Assay

Amyloid-beta 42 Inhibitor Screening

Tau Degradation Assay

Aβ-induced Phagocytosis & Inflammation Assay

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