Methods and Applications of Cerebrospinal Fluid Histologic Testing

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless and transparent fluid in the cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid space, which plays an important supportive, protective, and nutritive role in the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) histology testing, as an emerging technology, can comprehensively and systematically analyze various biomolecules in cerebrospinal fluid, providing a powerful tool for the research and clinical diagnosis of neurological diseases.

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Creative Biolabs describes in detail the various methods of cerebrospinal fluid histologic testing, including proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, and microbiomics, and describes their wide range of applications in diagnosing neurological disorders, therapeutic monitoring, and pathogenesis research. As your partner, we also offer a range of cerebrospinal fluid-related services.

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We also have extensive experience in collecting various types of biofluid samples, such as CSF from normal patients with neurological diseases and a range of animals. We are committed to providing comprehensive CSF samples for research institutions, medical institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and other clients, helping them conduct scientific research. If you are looking for CSF for research, please feel free to contact us for more information.

Cat. No	Product Name	Species
NRZP-0822-ZP495	NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid	Monkey
NRZP-0822-ZP496	NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid	Rat
NRZP-0822-ZP497	NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid	Mouse
NRZP-0822-ZP498	NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid	Pig
NRZP-0822-ZP491	NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid	Human

Major Methods of Cerebrospinal Fluid Histologic Testing

Proteomics

In cerebrospinal fluid, proteomics testing methods include the following:

Methods	Descriptions	Advantages and Disadvantages
Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DE)	It first separates proteins according to the isoelectric point by Isoelectric Focusing (IEF), and then performs SDS-PAGE in the second direction to separate proteins according to their molecular weight. Protein expression profiles can be obtained by staining and image analysis.	Limited resolution Poor reproducibility Difficulty in detecting low abundance proteins
LC-MS/MS	It first separates complex protein mixtures into individual components by liquid chromatography, and then identifies and quantifies the proteins by mass spectrometry.	Higher sensitivity, resolution and throughput Ability to detect more low abundance proteins
Protein Chip	It immobilizes a large number of protein probes on the surface of the chip and then performs hybridization reactions with proteins in the sample. By detecting the hybridization signals, the expression levels of multiple proteins can be detected simultaneously.	It has the advantages of fast, sensitive and high throughput Problems with low protein immobilization efficiency and non-specific binding

Metabolomics

Metabolomics is the study of the composition and changing law of metabolites in organisms. Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics testing methods mainly include the following:

Methods	Descriptions	Advantages and Disadvantages
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	NMR is a non-destructive analytical technique capable of detecting multiple metabolites simultaneously. It obtains information about metabolites by detecting the resonance signals of atomic nuclei in the metabolite.	It has the advantages of simple sample handling, good reproducibility and no bias Lower sensitivity, difficult to detect metabolites at low concentrations.
GC-MS	GC-MS first separates the metabolites by gas chromatography, and then identifies and quantifies the metabolites by mass spectrometry.	Higher resolution and sensitivity Capable of detecting a wide range of volatile and semi-volatile metabolites. Requires derivatization of metabolites Cumbersome to perform
LC-MS	It separates metabolites by liquid chromatography, and then identifies and quantifies the metabolites by mass spectrometry.	Higher sensitivity, resolution and throughput Capable of detecting a wide range of non-volatile metabolites Problems with ion suppression and matrix effects

Genomics

Genomics is the study of the structure and function of an organism's genome. Cerebrospinal fluid genomics testing methods mainly include the following:

Methods	Descriptions	Advantages and Disadvantages
PCR	PCR is a technique used to amplify specific DNA fragments. By designing specific primers, it is possible to detect pathogenic DNA, gene mutations, etc. in cerebrospinal fluid.	Fast, sensitive and specific Only known sequences can be detected
Gene Chip	A large number of gene probes are immobilized on the surface of the chip and then hybridize with the DNA in the sample. By detecting the hybridization signals, the expression levels and mutations of multiple genes can be detected at the same time.	Fast, sensitive and high throughput High cost Complex data analysis
NGS	NGS is a massively parallel sequencing technology capable of sequencing a large number of DNA molecules at the same time. NGS includes whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and transcriptome sequencing. In cerebrospinal fluid, NGS can be used to detect the genome of pathogens, gene mutations, and gene expression profiles.	High throughput and high resolution Capable of discovering new mutations Higher cost Complex data analysis

Microbiomics

Microbiomics is the study of the composition, structure and function of microbial communities. Cerebrospinal fluid microbiomics testing methods include the following:

Methods	Descriptions	Advantages and Disadvantages
Culture Method	Culture method is the traditional microbial detection method, by inoculating cerebrospinal fluid onto culture medium, cultivating visible colonies, and then performing identification and drug sensitivity tests.	Intuitive and reliable Some microorganisms that are difficult to culture may be missed
PCR	PCR can be used to detect microbial DNA in cerebrospinal fluid by designing specific primers. For example, 16S rRNA PCR is often used to detect bacteria, and ITS PCR is often used to detect fun
Metagenomic Sequencing	Metagenomic sequencing is the sequencing of the genomes of all microorganisms in an environmental sample.	Enable a comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of the microbial community in cerebrospinal fluid

Applications of Cerebrospinal Fluid Histologic Testing

Research on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases
Through the study of cerebrospinal fluid proteomics and metabolomics, we can gain insight into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as protein aggregation, impaired energy metabolism, oxidative stress and so on.
Cerebrospinal fluid genomics and microbiomics studies can help reveal the immunoregulatory mechanisms of neurologic autoimmune diseases and the role of microbial infections in their pathogenesis.
Diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system
Therapeutic monitoring of neurological diseases

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