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Comparative Study of Brain fMRI of Olfactory Stimulation in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease and Multiple Sclerosis
Objective: To observe the characteristics of brain fMRI during olfactory stimulation in patients
with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), compare the
differences of brain functional activation areas between patients with NMOSD and MS, and explore the
characteristics of olfactory-related brain networks of NMOSD and MS.
Methods: Nineteen patients with NMOSD and 16 patients with MS who met the diagnostic criteria were
recruited, and 19 healthy controls matched by sex and age were recruited. The olfactory function of
all participants was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Olfactory stimulation was
alternately performed using a volatile body (lavender and rose solution) and the difference in brain
activation was evaluated by task-taste fMRI scanning simultaneously.
Results: Activation intensity was weaker in the NMOSD group than in the healthy controls, including
the left rectus, right superior temporal gyrus, and left cuneus. The activation intensity was
stronger for the NMOSD than the controls in the left insula and left middle frontal gyrus (P
>
0.05). Activation intensity was weaker in the MS group than the healthy controls in the
bilateral hippocampus, right parahippocampal gyrus, right insula, left rectus gyrus, and right
precentral gyrus, and stronger in the left paracentral lobule among the MS than the controls
(P > 0.05). Compared with the MS group, activation intensity in the NMOSD group was weaker
in the
right superior temporal gyrus and left paracentral lobule, while it was stronger among the NMOSD
group in the bilateral insula, bilateral hippocampus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, left
inferior orbital gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left putamen, and left middle frontal
gyrus (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Olfactory-related brain networks are altered in both patients, and there are differences
between their olfactory-related brain networks. It may provide a new reference index for the
clinical differentiation and disease evaluation of NMOSD and MS. Moreover, further studies are
needed.
Reference
Ting Ting, P., Wei Wei, H., Juan, T., Chang Yue, H., Chen, G., & Xiao Ming, W. Comparative Study of Brain fMRI of Olfactory Stimulation in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 1844.