Auditory System

The Auditory System includes sensory organs (eyes) and a part of the central nervous system. This part enables organisms to process visual details and form a variety of non-image light response functions. It detects and interprets information from visible light (visible to the species) to construct a representation of the surrounding environment. The auditory system performs many complex tasks, including the reception of light, the neural mechanism of stereo vision, the recognition and classification of visual objects, the evaluation of the distance to the object, the perception of movement, and the movement of guiding objects related to the objects seen, color perception, etc.

Neuronal Structure

Cochlear nucleus - is the first location for neuronal processing of newly converted "digital" data from the inner ear. This area is divided into two areas, namely the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). VCN is further divided into the posterior abdominal cochlear nucleus (PVCN) and anterior abdominal cochlear nucleus (AVCN) by nerve roots.

Trapezoid - is a bundle of binding fibers in the ventral pons, which carries information for binaural calculations in the brainstem. Some of these axons come from the cochlear nucleus and pass through the other side, then into the upper olive nucleus.

Superior olivary complex - located in the pons, it mainly receives projections from the ventral cochlear nucleus. Inside the upper olive complex, there are lateral superior olive (LSO) and medial superior olive (MSO).

Lateral lemniscus - lateral meningitis is a series of axons in the brainstem that transmit information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to each brainstem nucleus, and finally to the contralateral midbrain hypothalamus.

Inferior colliculi - located directly below the visual processing center, called the epithalamus. The central core of inferior colliculi is an indispensable repeater in the ascending auditory system, most likely to integrate information by sending information to the thalamus and back of the brain.

Primary auditory cortex - the primary auditory cortex is the first area in the cerebral cortex that receives auditory input.

Clinical Significance

The auditory system must have appropriate functions in order to perceive, process and understand surrounding sounds. Damage to the auditory system can include any of the following:

• Auditory brainstem response and ABR hearing test of newborn hearing
• Auditory processing disorder
• Tinnitus
• Endaural phenomena

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