Piccolo and Bassoon
Introduction to Piccolo and Bassoon
Piccolo is a cytomatrix protein that plays an important role in recruiting and integrating the intracellular endocytosis and exocytosis-related molecules in synaptic vesicles. Meanwhile, pilot studies have suggested that it is involved in the production of presynaptic F-actin and is associated with the deposition of presynaptic proteins. Analysis of its primary structure on rats has revealed that piccolo consists of a glutamine-rich heptad repeat domain, zinc finger, coiled-coil domain, proline-rich sequence domain, as well as C2 domain. Furthermore, many reports have shown that piccolo is sharing with a similar structure to the presynaptic cytoskeletal matrix protein, bassoon. Both proteins are found to be critical for the regulation of different activities among presynaptic, neuronal nucleus, and neuronal cells.
Fig.1 Structures of Piccolo and Bassoon. (Mukherjee, 2010)
Piccolo and Bassoon in Synaptic Vesicle
Piccolo and bassoon are multi-domain proteins with a size of approximately 420 kDa that exists at the active zone of neurotransmitter release. Piccolo is closely related to the presynaptic cytoskeletal matrix, but extremely difficult to extract. Moreover, recent studies have indicated that piccolo and bassoon are key components of synaptic vesicle cycling. Besides, researchers have demonstrated that mutations or loss of bassoon and piccolo can cause abnormal expression of several presynaptic proteins, which eventually leads to synaptic dysfunction. As a result, piccolo and bassoon have been linked to a wide variety of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and major depression.
Fig.2 Piccolo/Bassoon as key regulators of presynaptic protein turnover. (Kononenko, 2013)
Recently, many attempts have been made to generate genetic knockout models of piccolo or bassoon. For example, mice lacking the central region of bassoon have been established to show major structural defects in the zonal synapses of the retina and cochlea, which includes the abnormal aggregation of voltage-gated calcium channels and abnormal separation of ribbon from presynaptic membrane. Also, they showed enhanced short-term depression and a high proportion of silent synapses. In the present studies of piccolo-deficient neurons, an RNAi knockdown model of piccolo has been proven its significant role in the enhancement of activity-dependent synaptic vesicle exocytosis and presynaptic synapsin1a diffusion. Specifically, bassoon/piccolo double knockdown (DKD) models have also shown promising results in maintaining synaptic integrity. Numerous data have suggested that this process can be regulated by the binding of bassoon and piccolo zinc finger domains to E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1.
By continuing to grow in response to the requirements of our clients, Creative Biolabs is dedicated to exploring secretion and vesicle re-cycling studies in the nervous system to offer the most comprehensive, integrated solutions. If you are interested in our services, please contact us to discuss your project.
References
- Mukherjee, K.; et al. Piccolo and bassoon maintain synaptic vesicle clustering without directly participating in vesicle exocytosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010, 107(14): 6504-6509.
- Kononenko, N.; et al. Synaptic requiem: a duet for Piccolo and Bassoon. The EMBO journal. 2013, 32(7): 920-922.
- NeuroMab™ Anti-pTau Antibody(NRP-0422-P1719) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1719)
- Mouse Anti-SCN5A Monoclonal Antibody (CBP708) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z2720)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-ApoC3 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP3503) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP3503)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-TREM2 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4114) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4114)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Integrin αvβ8 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1222-ZP1218) (Cat#: NRZP-1222-ZP1218)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P1683) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1683)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Alpha Synuclein BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4050) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4050)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P1686) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1686)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P2293) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P2293)
- iNeuMab™ Mouse Anti-SHANK3 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP929) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z3477)
- Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (Cat#: NCL-2103-P133)
- Mouse Microglia N9 (Cat#: NCL2110P073)
- Mouse Glioma Cell Line GL261 (Cat#: NCL-2108P28)
- Human Astrocytes (Cat#: NCC20-9PZ01)
- Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP113)
- Mouse Glioma Cell Line GL261-GFP (Cat#: NCL-2108P04)
- Rat Glioma Cell Line C6 (Cat#: NCL2110P346)
- Mouse Microglia Cell Line BV-2, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL2110P153)
- iNeu™ Human Sensory Neurons (Cat#: NCL-2103-P62)
- Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells (Cat#: NCL2110P145)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-fDIO-eNpHR 3.0-mCherry-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP78)
- VSV-eGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP20)
- Dextran, Cy5 Labeled, 2000 kDa (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP22)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8s-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P063)
- rAAV-E-SARE-Cre-ERT2-PEST-WPRE-hGH polyA (Cat#: NTA-2010-TT342)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8f-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P061)
- Dextran, NHS Activated, 40 kDa (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP124)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8s-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P066)
- pAAV-hSyn-DIO-XCaMP-R-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P508)
- Dextran-FITC (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP110)
- Human huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) transcript variant 2 (NM_177977) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0676)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- Mouse Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) (NM_020569) clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0133)
- App Rat amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (App)(NM_019288) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0053)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) (NM_000041) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0232)
- Human superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) (NM_000454) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0748)
- ABCA1 Antisense Oligonucleotide (NV-2106-P27) (Cat#: NV-2106-P27)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- Human presenilin 1 (PSEN1), transcript variant 2 (NM_007318) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0140)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-ASA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP504)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-SGSH BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP505)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP498)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP501)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP510)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-Erythropoietin BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP499)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP502)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-EPO BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP508)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)