- NeuroMab™ Anti-TNFα BBB Shuttle Antibody,Clone NR3088P (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4105)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Amyloid Beta 1-15 Antibody,Clone NR2660P (Cat#: NRP-0422-P867)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Integrin αvβ8 BBB Shuttle Antibody,Clone NR2431P (Cat#: NRZP-1222-ZP1218)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-EPHB2 Antibody,Clone NR1370P (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1220)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-ApoC3 BBB Shuttle Antibody,Clone NR1738P (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP3503)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-SEZ6 Antibody, Clone NR28P (Cat#: NRP-0422-P515)
- Mouse Anti-SCN5A Monoclonal Antibody (CBP708) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z2720)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-ApoC3 BBB Shuttle Antibody,Clone NR1616P (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP3505)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody,Clone NR1808P (Cat#: NRP-0422-P2293)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Alpha Synuclein Antibody,Clone NR3861P (Cat#: NRP-0422-P614)
- Mouse Microglia Cell Line BV-2, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL2110P153)
- Green Fluorescent Alpha-synuclein SH-SY5Y Cell Line (Cat#: NCL2110P209)
- Human Brain Vascular Adventitial Fibroblasts (Cat#: NCL-21P6-014)
- Sf295 Human Glioblastoma Cells (Cat#: NCL-2108P180)
- Rat Muller Cell (Cat#: NCL2110P040)
- Rat Schwann Cells RSC96, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-2108P21)
- Human Neurons Isolated from Cortex (Cat#: NCL-21P6-023)
- Human Hippocampal Neuron Cells HPPNCs (Cat#: NCL2110P106)
- Rat Glioma Cell Line C6 (Cat#: NCL2110P346)
- Rat Immortalized Retinal Muller Cell Line rMC-1 (Cat#: NCL-2106-S93)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit, TTF Assay (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- AAV-mDLX-CRE-tdTomato (Cat#: NRZP-0622-ZP721)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-fDIO-eNpHR 3.0-mCherry-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP78)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8f-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P061)
- rAAV-CAG-DIO-G-Flamp1 (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP719)
- AAV2/9-hSyn-Flpo-EGFP-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP149)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8s-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P066)
- pAAV-hSyn-DIO-XCaMP-R-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P508)
- PRV-CAG-EGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP14)
- AAV2/2Retro-CAG-DIO-EGFP-2A-TetTox-pA [Neural Tracing] (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP303)
- AAV-EF1a-mCherry-flex-dtA (Cat#: NRZP-0622-ZP616)
- Lenti of Mouse synuclein, alpha (Snca) transcript variant (NM_001042451) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0864)
- Mouse SOD1 shRNA Silencing Adenovirus (Cat#: NV-2106-P14)
- Tau Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-MAPTRx) (Cat#: NV-2106-P29)
- Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) (NM_000041) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0232)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- Human superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) (NM_000454) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0748)
- ABCA1 Antisense Oligonucleotide (AK311445) (Cat#: NV-2106-P27)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- Human huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) transcript variant 2 (NM_177977) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0676)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-NAGLU (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-GDNF (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-Erythropoietin BBB Shuttle Protein, cTfRMAb-EPO (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP499)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-PON1 BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-PON1 (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP507)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-TNFR (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP510)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-ASA BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-ASA (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP504)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDS BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-IDS (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP503)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein, 8D3-IL-1RA (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein, cTfRMAb-IDUA (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP498)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-EPO BBB Shuttle Protein, HIRMab-EPO (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP508)
Addiction and Drug Abuse
What is Addiction and Drug Abuse
Drug abuse refers to the behavior to use drugs in doses above those normally regarded as general and therapeutic usage. As a chronic, relapsing brain disease, drug addiction is characterized by uncontrolled drug use. It's common for a person to relapse as people who have recovered from drug abuse disorders are at increased risk of reusing drugs even after not using drugs for a long time. So, the treatment should be continued and adjusted according to the patient’s response. Drug abuse and addiction have been a growing problem in the world leading to millions of deaths. In fact, the term "addiction" has gradually been replaced by "substance use disorder" because of its derogatory meaning. There are four patterns of substance use which include acute intoxication, harmful use, dependence syndrome, and withdrawal state.
Etiology of Addiction and Drug Abuse
To better understand the etiology of addiction and drug abuse, it is necessary to use both biological perspective and psychological perspective.
- Biological perspective - the psychoactive drugs always increase the secretion of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain and the level of dopamine produced by the brain itself will gradually decrease. Eventually, addicts begin to rely on drugs for pleasure or satisfaction. In addition, drug addiction is also affected by genetic factors, that is, some people are easily addicted, and some are not.
- Psychological perspective - increasing demand for pleasure will strengthen the craving for drugs. The cognitive viewpoint determines people's expectations of the effect of the drug. What’s more, the socio-cultural perspective, such as ethnic and religious groups, affects drug abuse to a large extent.
Common Drugs of Abuse and Addiction
- Ketamine
- Codeine
- Crystal methamphetamine (Ice)
- Cocaine
- Cannabis
- Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)
Risk Factors for Addiction and Drug Abuse
- Biologically based susceptibility
- Poor social and coping skills
- Chaotic family environment and family education
- Poverty
- Negative peer influence
- Problem behaviors
Harmful Effects of Addiction and Drug Abuse
- Contract diseases, such as AIDS.
- Poor appetite and weight loss
- Distortions in cognitive and reactive abilities
- Severe damage to the health of various organs such as liver, lungs, kidneys, and heart.
- Acute intoxication and even death
- Seriously affect work, study, and interpersonal relationships.
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