Overview of Neuroscience

Brief Introduction of Neuroscience

The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. It is the communication system in the body that carries messages to and from various parts of the body, and also the command center which controls much of what your body does such as moving, thinking, speaking, swallowing, breathing and learning. Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. The major research purpose of neuroscience is to investigate the component and function of the nervous system, such as how the nervous system influences cognitive function and behavior, and how the nervous system functions in individuals suffering from neurological, neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders. Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary science that covers all branches of biology, involving anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of neurons and neural circuits as well as cognition and human behavior. The investigation of neuroscience is very important for understanding of the pathogenesis of nervous system disorders and discovering novel and effective treatments for these diseases.

Research Hierarchy of Neuroscience

• Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience

Focusing on the study of the molecules (such as ion channels, neurotransmitters and proteins) and cells (such as various types of neurons and glial cells) in the nervous system.

• System and Circuit Neuroscience

Studying the neural mechanism of cognitive functions such as perception, choice, learning and memory through invasive methods on experimental animals such as zebrafish, fruit flies, mice, and monkeys.

• Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience

Studying the neural mechanism of advanced cognitive functions such as perception, choice, learning, memory, language, emotion, and consciousness, through non-invasive methods such as EEG and fMRI on humans.

• Evolutionary and Comparative Neuroscience

Studying the differences and evolution process of cognitive systems through cross-species comparison.

• Theoretical and Computational Neuroscience

Analyzing and modeling the nervous system and cognitive processes using mathematical tools.

Research Fields of Neuroscience

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