Brain Damage and Spinal Cord Injury
Introduction of Brain Damage and Spinal Cord Injury
Brain damage and spinal cord injury are central nervous system (CNS) traumatic injury which has been a leading cause of disability and morbidity in the world, as well as a significant economic burden for society.
Brain damage also knows as traumatic brain injury, is an injury that causes the destruction or deterioration of brain cells. There are two types of brain damage, which include traumatic brain injury (TBI) and acquired brain injury (ABI). In addition, brain damage caused by genetic, or birth injury is called congenital brain damage.
A spinal cord injury refers to damage to a part of the spinal cord or the nerve (cauda equina) at the end of the spinal canal, which usually results in permanent changes in the strength, sensation, and other body functions below the injury site. Based on the location of the spinal cord injury and the severity of the spinal cord injury, the spinal cord injury can be divided into complete and incomplete. In addition, paralysis caused by spinal cord injury can be divided into tetraplegia and paraplegia. The complications would include bladder control, bowel control, skin sensation, circulatory control, respiratory system, as well as depression.
Mechanisms Underlying the Secondary Injury
- Excitotoxicity caused by impaired glutamate homeostasis
- Free radicals/oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation
- Calcium overload
- Sterile neuroinflammation
- Autophagy
Symptoms of Brain Damage and Spinal Cord Injury
- Loss of movement
- Exaggerated reflex activities or spasms
- Loss or altered sensation
- Pain or strong tingling
- Difficulty breathing and coughing
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
Treatments for Brain Damage and Spinal Cord Injury
Both brain damage and spinal cord injury affect all individuals and result in significant morbidity and mortality. In recent years, a series of treatments against brain damage and spinal cord injury have been developed, such as early neuroprotective therapies, neuroprotective interventions, and immunomodulatory strategies.
Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) has always been the first-line therapy and presents great efficacy against immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. Some studies showed that IVIG significantly improves neural functional recovery and has a neuroprotective effect. IVIG can inhibit the excessive immune response by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system, and it can also reverse the immune suppression of invading pathogens following the injury of the central nervous system. In this case, IVIG has been served as a potential candidate for clinical trials against brain damage and spinal cord injury. What’s more, the adaptive immune responses may also help neuro repair after CNS injury.
Creative Biolabs is one of the well-recognized experts who are professional in applying advanced platforms for a broad range of neurosciences research. Now we provide a series of services and products for our clients all over the world. Please do not hesitate to contact us for more information.
- iNeuMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody (NRP-0422-P1760) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1760)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-GD2 Antibody (NRZP-1222-ZP767) (Cat#: NRZP-1222-ZP767)
- iNeuMab™ Rabbit Anti-LRRK2 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP1887) (Cat#: NAB-08-PZ735)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-Amyloid Beta 1-15 Antibody (NRP-0422-P867) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P867)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-FGFR1 Antibody (NRP-0422-P1244) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1244)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-CD32b Antibody (NRP-0422-P1803) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1803)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-TREM2 Antibody (NRP-0422-P792) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P792)
- iNeuMab™ Mouse Anti-SHANK3 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP929) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z3477)
- iNeuMab™ Mouse Anti-EFNB2 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP1159) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z4396)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-SEZ6 Antibody (NRP-0422-P517) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P517)
- Rat Microglia Cell Line HAPI, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL2110P015)
- Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (Cat#: NCL-2103-P133)
- Human Microglia Cell Line HMC3, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-2108P38)
- Human Astrocytes, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-2105-P182-AM)
- Green Fluorescent BACE1 Cell Lines (Cat#: NCL2110P214)
- iNeu™ Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (OPCs) (Cat#: NCL-2103-P49)
- Human Brain Vascular Adventitial Fibroblasts (Cat#: NCL-21P6-014)
- Mouse Glioma Cell Line GL261-GFP (Cat#: NCL-2108P04)
- iNeu™ Human Schwann Cell (Cat#: NCL-2103-P63)
- Human Glial (Oligodendrocytic) Hybrid Cell Line (MO3.13) (Cat#: NCL-2108P34)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- VSV-eGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP20)
- Dextran, NHS Activated (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP124)
- AAV2 Full Capsids, Reference Standards (Cat#: NTC2101070CR)
- Human superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) (NM_000454) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0748)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- Lenti of Mouse synuclein, alpha (Snca) transcript variant (NM_001042451) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0864)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- Human presenilin 1 (PSEN1), transcript variant 2 (NM_007318) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0140)
- Mouse Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) (NM_020569) clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0133)
- Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) (NM_000041) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0232)
- Human huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) transcript variant 2 (NM_177977) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0676)
- Human huntingtin (HTT) (NM_002111) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-PON1 BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP507)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP501)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDS BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP503)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP510)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-EPO BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP508)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP498)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP502)