Encephalitis Related Research Tools
Encephalitis is an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and permanent neurologic sequelae globally. Causes are diverse and include viral and non-viral infections of the brain as well as autoimmune processes. The most common viral encephalitis agents are Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), herpesviruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), and arbovirus. Other relevant etiologies are cytomegalovirus (CMV), seasonal influenza, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), etc. The responsible virus may be detectable only in the brain and is either absent or transiently found in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) includes two major categories: classic paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (LE) with autoantibodies against intracellular neuronal antigens such as Hu and Ma2 and new-type AIE with autoantibodies to the neuronal surface or synaptic antigens.
Fig.1 Signaling pathways involved in the recognition of HSV. (Piret, 2020)
For instance, herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a severe neurological disease caused by HSV. Signaling pathways involved in the recognition of HSV are shown in Fig.1. TLR2, TLR3, TLR9 signaling pathways are essential for effective antiviral immunity in HSV infection. In the cytosol, viral dsDNA also induces the synthesis of Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP-AMP, cGAMP) by Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS, cGAMP synthase), which activates the STING/TRIF/TRAF3 signaling pathway. The popular targets are listed in the table below.
Summary of the Popular Targets in Encephalitis
Hu | Ma2 | IL23 |
TLR3 | TLR7 | TLR9 |
TRIF | TBK1 | STAT1 |
AMPAR receptor | NMDA receptor | GABAB1 receptor |
Creative Biolabs provides a series of research tools and services needed to promote your research on encephalitis. Our product portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), polyclonal antibodies (pAbs), labeled antibodies, proteins, analytical kits, small molecule activators and inhibitors. For some targets, a ready-to-use catalog may not be available. Please contact us for customized services.
Reference
- Piret, J.; Boivin G. Immunomodulatory Strategies in Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2020, 33(2).
Target
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Mouse Monoclonal to ACT
- Host Species:
- Mouse
- Species Reactivity:
- Human
- Applications:
- WB
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated; APC; PE; HRP; Biotin; FITC; Alexa Fluor 488; Alexa Fluor 700; Alexa Fluor 647; Alexa Fluor 750; Alexa Fluor 594; Alexa Fluor 350; Alexa Fluor 2932
- NeuroMab™ Mouse Anti-LRP1 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP3363) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z6479)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P2275) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P2275)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P1683) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1683)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-CD20 Antibody(NRP-0422-P1230) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1230)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-F-Spondin/SPON1 Antibody, Clone N24875P (CBP11839) (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP4740)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-PVRIG Antibody(NRP-0422-P517) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P517)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-FGFR1 Antibody(NRP-0422-P1244) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1244)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-PVRIG Antibody(NRP-0422-P515) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P515)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P1760) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1760)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-GARP Antibody(NRP-0422-P1639) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1639)
- iNeu™ Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (RPE) (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP92)
- Human Hippocampal Neuron Cells HPPNCs (Cat#: NCL2110P106)
- Sf295 Human Glioblastoma Cells (Cat#: NCL-2108P180)
- Human Glioblastoma Cell Line SF126 (Cat#: NCL-2108P35)
- Human Astrocytes, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-2105-P182-AM)
- Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (Cat#: NCL-2103-P133)
- Rat Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP162)
- Rat Muller Cell (Cat#: NCL2110P040)
- iNeu™ Microglia (Cat#: NCL-7P018)
- Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cell Line RGC-5 (Cat#: NCL2110P154)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit, TTF Assay (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8s-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P066)
- AAV2 Full Capsids, Reference Standards (Cat#: NTC2101070CR)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-fDIO-eNpHR 3.0-mCherry-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP78)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8f-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P064)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8m-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P062)
- AAV-mDLX-CRE-tdTomato (Cat#: NRZP-0622-ZP721)
- VSV-eGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP20)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8m-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P065)
- Dextran-FITC (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP110)
- pAAV-hSyn-DIO-XCaMP-R-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P508)
- Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) (NM_000041) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0232)
- App Rat amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (App)(NM_019288) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0053)
- Mouse Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) (NM_020569) clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0133)
- Human presenilin 1 (PSEN1), transcript variant 2 (NM_007318) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0140)
- ABCA1 Antisense Oligonucleotide (NV-2106-P27) (Cat#: NV-2106-P27)
- Human huntingtin (HTT) (NM_002111) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0497)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- Tau Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-MAPTRx) (Cat#: NV-2106-P29)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-PON1 BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP507)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP510)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP498)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-EPO BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP508)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-Erythropoietin BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP499)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP500)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP502)