Synaptic Plasticity/Neuroprotection Targeting Therapies Study
Background of Synaptic Plasticity/Neuroprotection Targeting Therapies Study
The normal function of synapses is fundamental to central nervous system. Although the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with amyloid and pathologic tau have been elucidated and applied to the development of relevant targeted drugs, synaptic deficiency and dysfunction should also be addressed. Synaptic integrity is directly driven by amyloid plaque and tau aggregation pathology at the prodromal stage before AD clinical manifestations oncome. After a long-term pathologic process, synaptic plasticity and synaptic density are affected by the interaction between neurodegeneration and atrophy, which aggravate AD progression. Synaptic and neuroplastic mechanisms of action (MoAs) represent a potential opportunity for the treatment of AD. Synaptic plasticity targeting therapies attempt to restore and maintain the synaptic normal function as well as optimize cognitive ability. There have been several approaches targeting synapses, including anti-cholinesterase's, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and NMDA antagonists. Creative Biolabs offers a full range of in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo assays for synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection targeting therapies studies, enabling researchers to understand the synaptic plastic MoA in AD, and thereby diving preclinical drug development targeting synapses.
Synaptic Plasticity/Neuroprotection MoA in AD
Synaptic plasticity refers to the capability of the synapses to dynamically modulate the function in response to internal or external alterations. The β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the two main pathological hallmarks of AD, which contribute to the accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles. However, transportation of the soluble Aβ oligomers and tau oligomers to synapses appears to be more toxic to the synaptic function and density. Soluble Aβ oligomers enhance DKK1 levels, which activate non-canonical signaling causing loss and disintegration of synapses. Soluble hyperphosphorylated tau species and oligomers enter post-synapses destroying long-term potentiation through regulating Fyn/NMDAR complexes, which modulate the normal function of synapses through the impairments of mitochondria, synaptic vesicle mobility, and neurotransmitter release. Soluble Aβ and tau will also trigger a range of neuroinflammation by activating glia and subsequent accumulation will exacerbate synaptic loss and dysfunction as well as neurodegeneration.
Fig.1 Disruption of neuronal plasticity may occur via several mechanisms. (Jackson, 2019)
Related Services at Creative Biolabs
Synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection targeting therapies study services provided by Creative Biolabs can comprehensively fulfill your research and drug development requirements. You can get access to our neuronal plasticity assays including neurogenesis assay, synaptogenesis assay, and neurite outgrowth or degeneration assay. Our platforms with high-throughput techniques enable researchers to visualize synaptic dynamics at the first glance. If you have the intention to study synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection in AD, please don't hesitate to contact us. We are ready to answer questions about relevant expertise and assist you to design the optimal solution.
Reference
- Jackson, J.; et al. Targeting the synapse in Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2019, 13: 735.
- iNeuMab™ Mouse Anti-EFNB2 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP1159) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z4396)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-pTau Antibody (NRP-0422-P1719) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1719)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-GD2 Antibody (NRZP-1222-ZP767) (Cat#: NRZP-1222-ZP767)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody (NRP-0422-P2275) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P2275)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-SEZ6 Antibody (NRP-0422-P517) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P517)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-Amyloid Beta 1-15 Antibody (NRP-0422-P867) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P867)
- iNeuMab™ Rabbit Anti-LRRK2 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP1887) (Cat#: NAB-08-PZ735)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-Integrin αvβ8 BBB Shuttle Antibody (NRZP-1222-ZP1218) (Cat#: NRZP-1222-ZP1218)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-GARP Antibody (NRP-0422-P1639) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1639)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-TREM2 Antibody (NRP-0422-P792) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P792)
- Human Microglia Cell Line HMC3, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-2108P38)
- Mouse Glioma Cell Line GL261-GFP (Cat#: NCL-2108P04)
- Mouse Microglia from C57BL/6 (Cat#: NCL-21P6-082)
- Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP113)
- Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cell Line RGC-5 (Cat#: NCL2110P154)
- iNeu™ Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (OPCs) (Cat#: NCL-2103-P49)
- Rat Retinal Muller Cell Line, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-21P6-192)
- Green Fluorescent Alpha-synuclein Cell Line (Cat#: NCL2110P209)
- Human Astrocytes, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-2105-P182-AM)
- Mouse Microglia N9 (Cat#: NCL2110P073)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Dextran, NHS Activated (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP124)
- VSV-eGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP20)
- AAV2 Full Capsids, Reference Standards (Cat#: NTC2101070CR)
- Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) (NM_000041) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0232)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- App Rat amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (App)(NM_019288) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0053)
- Mouse SOD1 shRNA Silencing Adenovirus (Cat#: NV-2106-P14)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- Tau Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-MAPTRx) (Cat#: NV-2106-P29)
- Lenti of Mouse synuclein, alpha (Snca) transcript variant (NM_001042451) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0864)
- Human huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) transcript variant 2 (NM_177977) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0676)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- Human superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) (NM_000454) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0748)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP510)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-Erythropoietin BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP499)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP502)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-PON1 BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP507)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP501)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-ASA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP504)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP500)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP498)