Synaptic Plasticity/Neuroprotection Targeting Therapies Study
Background of Synaptic Plasticity/Neuroprotection Targeting Therapies Study
The normal function of synapses is fundamental to central nervous system. Although the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with amyloid and pathologic tau have been elucidated and applied to the development of relevant targeted drugs, synaptic deficiency and dysfunction should also be addressed. Synaptic integrity is directly driven by amyloid plaque and tau aggregation pathology at the prodromal stage before AD clinical manifestations oncome. After a long-term pathologic process, synaptic plasticity and synaptic density are affected by the interaction between neurodegeneration and atrophy, which aggravate AD progression. Synaptic and neuroplastic mechanisms of action (MoAs) represent a potential opportunity for the treatment of AD. Synaptic plasticity targeting therapies attempt to restore and maintain the synaptic normal function as well as optimize cognitive ability. There have been several approaches targeting synapses, including anti-cholinesterase's, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and NMDA antagonists. Creative Biolabs offers a full range of in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo assays for synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection targeting therapies studies, enabling researchers to understand the synaptic plastic MoA in AD, and thereby diving preclinical drug development targeting synapses.
Synaptic Plasticity/Neuroprotection MoA in AD
Synaptic plasticity refers to the capability of the synapses to dynamically modulate the function in response to internal or external alterations. The β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the two main pathological hallmarks of AD, which contribute to the accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles. However, transportation of the soluble Aβ oligomers and tau oligomers to synapses appears to be more toxic to the synaptic function and density. Soluble Aβ oligomers enhance DKK1 levels, which activate non-canonical signaling causing loss and disintegration of synapses. Soluble hyperphosphorylated tau species and oligomers enter post-synapses destroying long-term potentiation through regulating Fyn/NMDAR complexes, which modulate the normal function of synapses through the impairments of mitochondria, synaptic vesicle mobility, and neurotransmitter release. Soluble Aβ and tau will also trigger a range of neuroinflammation by activating glia and subsequent accumulation will exacerbate synaptic loss and dysfunction as well as neurodegeneration.
Fig.1 Disruption of neuronal plasticity may occur via several mechanisms. (Jackson, 2019)
Related Services at Creative Biolabs
Synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection targeting therapies study services provided by Creative Biolabs can comprehensively fulfill your research and drug development requirements. You can get access to our neuronal plasticity assays including neurogenesis assay, synaptogenesis assay, and neurite outgrowth or degeneration assay. Our platforms with high-throughput techniques enable researchers to visualize synaptic dynamics at the first glance. If you have the intention to study synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection in AD, please don't hesitate to contact us. We are ready to answer questions about relevant expertise and assist you to design the optimal solution.
Reference
- Jackson, J.; et al. Targeting the synapse in Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2019, 13: 735.
- iNeuMab™ Anti-SEZ6 Antibody (NRP-0422-P517) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P517)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-TREM2 Antibody (NRP-0422-P792) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P792)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-pTau Antibody (NRP-0422-P1719) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1719)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody (NRP-0422-P1760) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1760)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-ApoC3 BBB Shuttle Antibody (NRZP-1022-ZP3503) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP3503)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-F-Spondin/SPON1 Antibody, Clone 3F4 (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP4740)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-Alpha Synuclein BBB Shuttle Antibody (NRZP-1022-ZP4050) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4050)
- iNeuMab™ Mouse Anti-SHANK3 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP929) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z3477)
- iNeuMab™ Mouse Anti-EFNB2 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP1159) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z4396)
- iNeuMab™ Anti-GARP Antibody (NRP-0422-P1639) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1639)
- Rat Muller Cell (Cat#: NCL2110P040)
- iNeu™ Human Neural Stem Cell Line (Cat#: NCL200552ZP)
- iNeu™ Human Schwann Cell (Cat#: NCL-2103-P63)
- Rat Immortalized Retinal Muller Cell Line rMC-1 (Cat#: NCL-2106-S93)
- iNeu™ Human Motor Neurons (Cat#: NCL-2103-P71)
- Human Neurons Isolated from Cortex (Cat#: NCL-21P6-023)
- Green Fluorescent Alpha-synuclein Cell Line (Cat#: NCL2110P209)
- Immortalized Human Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells (Cat#: NCL-2108-P020)
- Rat Glioma Cell Line C6 (Cat#: NCL2110P346)
- Mouse Microglia from C57BL/6 (Cat#: NCL-21P6-082)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-fDIO-eNpHR 3.0-mCherry-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP78)
- Dextran, NHS Activated (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP124)
- AAV2 Full Capsids, Reference Standards (Cat#: NTC2101070CR)
- VSV-eGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP20)
- Human superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) (NM_000454) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0748)
- Lenti of Mouse synuclein, alpha (Snca) transcript variant (NM_001042451) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0864)
- Mouse Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) (NM_020569) clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0133)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- Human huntingtin (HTT) (NM_002111) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0497)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- Tau Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-MAPTRx) (Cat#: NV-2106-P29)
- Human huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) transcript variant 2 (NM_177977) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0676)
- App Rat amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (App)(NM_019288) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0053)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-ASA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP504)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-Erythropoietin BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP499)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP500)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-EPO BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP508)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDS BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP503)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP501)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP502)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-SGSH BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP505)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)