AD Biomarker Assay

Creative Biolabs is the specialist provider of an AD biomarker assay. We have a professional team of scientists to provide a comprehensive range of rapid AD Biomarker assays through standard experimental procedures to meet the different needs of AD research.

Overview of AD Biomarker

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the formation of β -amyloid (Aβ) plaques, intracellular aggregation of microtubule-associated protein Tau (Tau), and loss of neurons and synapses. With the development of population aging, the incidence of AD is increasing year by year, which brings a huge economic burden to society. At present, the diagnosis of AD is still difficult. Body fluid biomarkers are essential for accurate and early diagnosis of AD and serve as a prerequisite for effective treatment of the disease.

Over the past decades, a large number of studies have been conducted and a range of AD biomarkers have been identified, such as β amyloid 38/40/42 (Aβ 38/40/42), total Tau (T-Tau), and phosphorylated Tau (P-Tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Decreased levels of Aβ 38/40/42 and increased levels of T-Tau or p-Tau were observed in the CSF of AD patients. Due to the discomfort and difficulty of CSF tests, researchers are always trying to discover and screen novel and useful AD biomarkers from blood samples or body fluids. Plasma P-tau 181 has been found to have a high positive relevance with AD, providing more possibilities for the non-invasive diagnosis of AD.

Fig.1. The pathogenesis and temporal changes of AD. (Gunes, 2022)

Table.1. Relationship between CSF markers and pathological changes in the brain in AD patients.

AD Biomarker Assays at Creative Biolabs

Creative Biolabs offers a wide range of AD biomarkers assay services, including Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Whether it is an early screening of AD biomarkers or large-scale validation of AD biomarkers, you can find suitable technology platforms and services in Creative Biolabs to meet your research and development needs.

• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

ELISA is a process that fixes a certain concentration of antigen on the surface of a polystyrene microporous plate, adds enzymic labeled antibody, and detects physical adsorption. The optical density of the enzyme marker indirectly reflects the presence or quantity of detected antigen. Due to the high catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, the reaction effect can be greatly amplified, so that the detection of AD biomarkers can reach the pg/mL level. In addition, we also provide ultra-sensitive digital ELISA, if you are interested in this, welcome to inquire further.

• Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS)

IP-MS is the subsequent identification of target proteins obtained by IP immunoprecipitation using mass spectrometry. Target protein interactions can be enriched and qualitatively identified by LIQUID chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. It can be used not only to verify known interacting proteins but also to screen unknown protein molecules interacting with targets of interest. IP-MS assay is considered to be a high throughput method to confirm specific interactions between target proteins and expected protein candidates.

Fig.2. Principle of the ImmunoPrecipitation followed by Mass Spectrometry (IP-MS) technique. (Kulichikhin, 2021)

• Chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)

LC-MS is a molecular detection technology using liquid chromatography as a separation system and mass spectrometry as the detection system. The samples are separated from the liquid phase in the mass spectrum and then ionized. The ion fragments are separated according to the mass weight by the mass analyzer of the MS. LC-MS has been widely used in large-scale screening of AD biomarkers by combining the high separation ability of chromatography for complex samples with high selectivity and high sensitivity of MS, providing relative molecular mass and structure information.

Fig.3. Working process of the Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. (Famiglini, 2021)

Our Feature Service

• High throughput screening and data analysis.
• Providing AD biomarker screening or detection one-stop service.
• Time-saving and cost-effective. The report will be issued in 2-3 weeks.
• Comprehensive and detailed raw data and analysis reports.

Please contact us to discuss your project and we will tailor your AD biomarker assay regimen to meet your goals.

References

1. Gunes, S.; et al. Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease in the Current State: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022, 23(9): 4962.
2. Kulichikhin KY.; et al. Development of molecular tools for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease that is based on detection of amyloidogenic proteins. Prion. 2021, 15(1): 56-69.
3. Famiglini G.; et al. The history of electron ionization in LC-MS, from the early days to modern technologies: A review. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2021, 1167: 338350.