Encephalitis Related Research Tools
Encephalitis is an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and permanent neurologic sequelae globally. Causes are diverse and include viral and non-viral infections of the brain as well as autoimmune processes. The most common viral encephalitis agents are Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), herpesviruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), and arbovirus. Other relevant etiologies are cytomegalovirus (CMV), seasonal influenza, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), etc. The responsible virus may be detectable only in the brain and is either absent or transiently found in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) includes two major categories: classic paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (LE) with autoantibodies against intracellular neuronal antigens such as Hu and Ma2 and new-type AIE with autoantibodies to the neuronal surface or synaptic antigens.
Fig.1 Signaling pathways involved in the recognition of HSV. (Piret, 2020)
For instance, herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a severe neurological disease caused by HSV. Signaling pathways involved in the recognition of HSV are shown in Fig.1. TLR2, TLR3, TLR9 signaling pathways are essential for effective antiviral immunity in HSV infection. In the cytosol, viral dsDNA also induces the synthesis of Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP-AMP, cGAMP) by Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS, cGAMP synthase), which activates the STING/TRIF/TRAF3 signaling pathway. The popular targets are listed in the table below.
Summary of the Popular Targets in Encephalitis
Hu | Ma2 | IL23 |
TLR3 | TLR7 | TLR9 |
TRIF | TBK1 | STAT1 |
AMPAR receptor | NMDA receptor | GABAB1 receptor |
Creative Biolabs provides a series of research tools and services needed to promote your research on encephalitis. Our product portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), polyclonal antibodies (pAbs), labeled antibodies, proteins, analytical kits, small molecule activators and inhibitors. For some targets, a ready-to-use catalog may not be available. Please contact us for customized services.
Reference
- Piret, J.; Boivin G. Immunomodulatory Strategies in Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2020, 33(2).
Target
Anti-Chicken Avian Thymic Hormone (ATH) Antibody
- Host Species:
- Mouse
- Species Reactivity:
- Chicken
- Applications:
- ELISA; WB; IF
- Conjugation:
- Unconjugated; APC; PE; HRP; Biotin; FITC; Alexa Fluor 488; Alexa Fluor 700; Alexa Fluor 647; Alexa Fluor 750; Alexa Fluor 594; Alexa Fluor 350; Alexa Fluor 3264
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P2275) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P2275)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-FGFR1 Antibody(NRP-0422-P1244) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1244)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Amyloid Beta 1-15 Antibody(NRP-0422-P867) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P867)
- Mouse Anti-SCN5A Monoclonal Antibody (CBP708) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z2720)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-PVRIG Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4114) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4114)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-PVRIG Antibody(NRP-0422-P515) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P515)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-PVRIG Antibody(NRP-0422-P792) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P792)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Integrin αvβ8 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1222-ZP1218) (Cat#: NRZP-1222-ZP1218)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-PVRIG Antibody(NRP-0422-P1803) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1803)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P1686) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1686)
- Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP113)
- Green Fluorescent BACE1 Cell Lines (Cat#: NCL2110P214)
- Mouse Microglia Cell Line BV-2, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL2110P153)
- iNeu™ Microglia (Cat#: NCL-7P018)
- iNeu™ Human Schwann Cell (Cat#: NCL-2103-P63)
- Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells (Cat#: NCL2110P145)
- Mouse Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron Cell MN9D (Cat#: NCL2110P059)
- Human Astrocytes (Cat#: NCC20-9PZ01)
- Sf295 Human Glioblastoma Cells (Cat#: NCL-2108P180)
- Human Microglia Cell Line HMC3, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-2108P38)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit, TTF Assay (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- AAV-mDLX-CRE-tdTomato (Cat#: NRZP-0622-ZP721)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-DIO-mCherry-P2A-TetTox-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP268)
- Dextran-FITC (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP110)
- AAV2 Full Capsids, Reference Standards (Cat#: NTC2101070CR)
- AAV2/9-hEF1a-fDIO-eNpHR 3.0-mCherry-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP78)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8s-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P066)
- rAAV-CAG-DIO-G-Flamp1 (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP719)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8f-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P061)
- pAAV-hSyn-DIO-XCaMP-R-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2012AD-P508)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8m-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P065)
- Tau Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-MAPTRx) (Cat#: NV-2106-P29)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- Lenti of Mouse synuclein, alpha (Snca) transcript variant (NM_001042451) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0864)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- Mouse Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) (NM_020569) clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0133)
- ABCA1 Antisense Oligonucleotide (NV-2106-P27) (Cat#: NV-2106-P27)
- Mouse SOD1 shRNA Silencing Adenovirus (Cat#: NV-2106-P14)
- App Rat amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (App)(NM_019288) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0053)
- Human huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) transcript variant 2 (NM_177977) ORF clone, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0676)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-PON1 BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP507)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-SGSH BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP505)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-idursulfase BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP497)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-EPO BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP508)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP510)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP500)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP501)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-Erythropoietin BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP499)