Apoptosis/Killing Tools
Abnormalities in programmed cell death (PCD) signaling cascades, including apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy-related cell death, and non-programmed necrosis, can be observed in the pathogenesis of various neurological diseases. These cell deaths can occur in reaction to numerous types of cellular stress (caused by intracellular or extracellular stimuli) and inflammation. Aberrant activation of PCD pathways is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, leading to unexpected losses of neuronal cells and functions.
Our apoptosis/killing tools can help ablate target cells to study their specific functions. For in vivo model applications, apoptosis/killing tools can also simulate the abnormal activation of PCD pathways in neurodegenerative diseases, helping researchers to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the disease and identify potential treatments for the disease.
Applications of Apoptosis/Killing Tools
- taCasp3-TEVp induces apoptosis
Casp3 protein is a cell apoptosis effector molecule. During cell apoptosis, molecules such as caspase-10 will cleave Casp3 between positions 175 and 176, activating the activity of Casp3. taCasp3 has the recognition site of TEVp inserted at this position, a specific serine protease derived from the Tobacco Etch Virus. When expressed in cells, TEVp is first expressed and then activates Casp3, triggering a cascade reaction leading to apoptosis.
- Diphtheria toxin A (DTA) induces cell death
DTA is the fragment of diphtheria toxin, which can inhibit protein synthesis and cell death. DTA functional elements can be used to selectively eliminate specific cells to study the unique functions of these cells and are also widely used to model neurological diseases.
Case Study
In vivo, virally encoded DTA or tBid are only partially successful at ablating neurons. Using genetically modified caspase 3, activating this caspase triggers apoptosis, which ablates adult neurons in vivo. AAV-flex-taCasp3-TEVp regulates the expression of pro-taCasp3 and TEVp in a Cre-dependent way.
Fig.1 taCasp3-TEV ablates neurons in a Cre-dependent manner. A-B) Workflow of the genetic strategy for conditional ablation of neurons. C-D) One week after Cre:EGFP+ HEK293T cells were infected with AAV-flex-taCasp3-TEVp, there was cell death. E-F) Neuronal ablation in mice with AAV-flex-taCasp3-TEVp injection.1
Creative Biolabs has launched a super service for viral vector design. All you have to do is send us your ideas, and we'll turn them into reality. Kindly reach out to us for additional details.
Reference
- Yang, Cindy F., et al. "Sexually dimorphic neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus govern mating in both sexes and aggression in males." Cell 153.4 (2013): 896-909.
AAV packaging vector for EF1a driven taCasp3 expression.
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Apoptosis
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Gene Regulation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Apoptosis
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Apoptosis
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Apoptosis
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Apoptosis
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Apoptosis
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Apoptosis
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Apoptosis
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Apoptosis
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Apoptosis
Specific Promoter
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neural Tracing
Specific Promoter
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- Tracer Type:
- Apoptosis/Killing
- Applications:
- Neuron Ablation
- NeuroMab™ Mouse Anti-EFNB2 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP1159) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z4396)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P2293) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P2293)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-ApoC3 BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP3505) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP3505)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-Tau Antibody(NRP-0422-P2275) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P2275)
- Mouse Anti-SCN5A Monoclonal Antibody (CBP708) (Cat#: NAB-0720-Z2720)
- NeuroMab™ Rabbit Anti-LRRK2 Monoclonal Antibody (CBP1887) (Cat#: NAB-08-PZ735)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-TREM2 Antibody(NRP-0422-P792) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P792)
- NeuroMab™ Rabbit Anti-Alpha-synuclein (CBP1631) (Cat#: NAB-08-PZ079)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-TNFα BBB Shuttle Antibody(NRZP-1022-ZP4105) (Cat#: NRZP-1022-ZP4105)
- NeuroMab™ Anti-GARP Antibody(NRP-0422-P1639) (Cat#: NRP-0422-P1639)
- Green Fluorescent BACE1 Cell Lines (Cat#: NCL2110P214)
- Human Neurons Isolated from Cortex (Cat#: NCL-21P6-023)
- Mouse Microglia N9 (Cat#: NCL2110P073)
- Rat Muller Cell (Cat#: NCL2110P040)
- iNeu™ Microglia (Cat#: NCL-7P018)
- Mouse Microglia Cell Line BV-2, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL2110P153)
- iNeu™ Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (OPCs) (Cat#: NCL-2103-P49)
- Human Astrocytes (Cat#: NCC20-9PZ01)
- Human Astrocytes, Immortalized (Cat#: NCL-2105-P182-AM)
- Human Glioblastoma Cell Line SF126 (Cat#: NCL-2108P35)
- Beta Amyloid (1-40), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP199)
- Amyloid beta 1-42 Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2170)
- Human Tau Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRP-0322-P2173)
- Human Poly ADP ribose polymerase,PARP Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP62)
- Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Assay Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP37)
- Human GFAP ELISA Kit [Colorimetric] (Cat#: NPP2011ZP383)
- Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-1122-ZP15)
- Beta Amyloid (1-42), Aggregation Kit (Cat#: NRZP-0323-ZP200)
- AAV2 Full Capsids, Reference Standards (Cat#: NTC2101070CR)
- AAV2/2Retro-CAG-DIO-EGFP-2A-TetTox-pA [Neural Tracing] (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP303)
- Dextran, Cy5 Labeled, 2000 kDa (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP22)
- VSV-eGFP (Cat#: NTA-2011-ZP20)
- rAAV-E-SARE-Cre-ERT2-PEST-WPRE-hGH polyA (Cat#: NTA-2010-TT342)
- pAAV-syn-FLEX-jGCaMP8m-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P065)
- rAAV-CAG-DIO-G-Flamp1 (Cat#: NRZP-0722-ZP719)
- pAAV-syn-jGCaMP8s-WPRE (Cat#: NTA-2106-P063)
- AAV-EF1a-mCherry-flex-dtA (Cat#: NRZP-0622-ZP616)
- AAV2/9-hSyn-Flpo-EGFP-WPRE-pA (Cat#: NTA-2012-ZP149)
- Lenti of Human TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) (NM_007375) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0832)
- Rat Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin (Park2) (NM_020093) ORF clone/lentiviral particle, Myc-DDK Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0621-R0041)
- Mouse SOD1 shRNA Silencing Adenovirus (Cat#: NV-2106-P14)
- Human superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) (NM_000454) ORF clone, TurboGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0748)
- Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) (NM_000041) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0232)
- Human superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (SOD3) (NM_003102) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0808)
- ABCA1 Antisense Oligonucleotide (NV-2106-P27) (Cat#: NV-2106-P27)
- App Rat amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (App)(NM_019288) ORF clone, Untagged (Cat#: NEP-0421-R0053)
- Lenti of Mouse synuclein, alpha (Snca) transcript variant (NM_001042451) ORF clone, mGFP Tagged (Cat#: NEP-0521-R0864)
- Tau Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-MAPTRx) (Cat#: NV-2106-P29)
- NeuroBiologics™ Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP491)
- NeuroBiologics™ Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP497)
- NeuroBiologics™ Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP496)
- NeuroBiologics™ Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP495)
- NeuroBiologics™ Pig Cerebrospinal Fluid (Cat#: NRZP-0822-ZP498)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-EPO BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP508)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-ASA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP504)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP498)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-PON1 BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP507)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP501)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-TNFR BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP510)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-SGSH BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP505)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-NAGLU BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP506)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-IDUA BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP502)
- NeuroPro™ Anti-GDNF BBB Shuttle Protein (Cat#: NRZP-0423-ZP509)